Opioids, also called opiates, are a class of drug. This class includes drugs derived from the opium poppy, such as morphine and codeine. It also includes synthetic or partially synthetic formulas, such as Vicodin, Percodan, oxycodone, and heroin. Many opioids are used to treat pain.
Signs and symptoms of opioid abuse and addiction include:
- an increased tolerance for the drug
- an inability to stop or reduce usage withdrawal symptoms when you stop using
- a desire to keep using even when health complications arise
- an impact on quality of life, including relationships and employment spending excess time and money on drugs
- excessive sleeping or extreme weight loss or gain
- turning to crime to pay for more opiates.
If someone who is addicted to opioids stops using, he or she may have withdrawal symptoms including anxiety, sweating, insomnia, agitation, tremors, muscle aches, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and extreme mental and physical discomfort. The length and intensity of withdrawal depends on the type of opioid the user is addicted to, the length of the addiction, and the typical doses. Longtime addicts may wish to consult with a medical professional before quitting.
To be successful, treatment plans must address all these components. In some cases, hospitalization may be required. Detoxification is often the first attempt at treatment. It is done in combination with other treatment options. Detoxification alone is rarely successful in treating opioid addiction. Some people will suffer from tremors, hallucinations, confusion, delirium, intense anxiety, sleep disturbances, and body pain while detoxing.
Some opioid addicts have success with taking milder prescription opioids, such as methadone or buprenorphine, and slowly lowering the dose to wean themselves off the drug. This process, known as replacement therapy, is a common treatment for opioid addiction. Other medications may be used to lessen the withdrawal symptoms or cravings.
Residential treatment programs work to deal with all facets of an addiction. These programs often include support groups, vocational rehab, and therapy. Programs can last for a few weeks or several months.
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