Introduction
Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that begins in childhood, but its symptoms may go unnoticed until adulthood. It can significantly affect personal and professional life, leading to challenges such as difficulty maintaining focus, impulsivity, disorganization, low self-esteem, and struggles in relationships and work performance.
Overview and Facts
- ADHD affects approximately 5% of children and adolescents under the age of 18.
- In 50–70% of cases, ADHD persists into adulthood.
- According to the Lebanon Study by IDRAAC, the lifetime prevalence of adult ADHD in Lebanon is 1.5%.
Symptoms
ADHD symptoms are categorized into inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity:
Inattention Symptoms
A person with ADHD may:
- Have difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or conversations.
- Seem inattentive or unresponsive when spoken to directly.
- Struggle to follow through on instructions, often leaving tasks incomplete.
- Have trouble organizing tasks and activities.
- Get easily distracted by external stimuli or unrelated thoughts.
- Avoid or feel reluctant to engage in tasks requiring prolonged mental effort.
- Frequently lose essential items (e.g., keys, documents, phone).
- Hyperactivity/Impulsivity Symptoms
A person with ADHD may:
- Feel restless or excessively move in situations where stillness is expected.
- Struggle to engage in quiet, relaxing activities.
- Seem constantly “on the go” as if driven by an internal motor.
- Talk excessively or interrupt conversations frequently.
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause of ADHD remains unclear, but research suggests a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Possible risk factors include:
- A family history of ADHD.
- Exposure to toxins (such as polychlorinated biphenyls or lead) during pregnancy.
- Smoking, alcohol, or drug use during pregnancy.
- Premature birth or low birth weight.
Diagnosis
Diagnosing ADHD requires a comprehensive evaluation by a mental health professional. The assessment may include:
- A clinical interview to review symptoms and personal history.
- Psychological testing to assess attention and executive functioning.
- Medical and lab tests to rule out other conditions with similar symptoms.
Treatment
ADHD is manageable with the right treatment approach, which often includes:
- Behavioral Therapy: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is commonly used to help manage symptoms.
- Medication: Stimulants (e.g., methylphenidate, amphetamines) and non-stimulant medications may be prescribed to improve focus and impulse control.
Resources
For more information, visit:
www.idraac.org
www.webmd.com
www.mayoclinic.com