Introduction
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a type of anxiety disorder that causes repeated, unwanted thoughts. To alleviate these thoughts, individuals may feel compelled to perform specific actions or behaviors repeatedly.
Overview and Facts
OCD often begins during childhood or adolescence. Approximately one-third of adults with OCD report that their symptoms began in childhood. Research also suggests that OCD may run in families, indicating a possible genetic component.
Symptoms
The symptoms of OCD are typically categorized into two main areas:
Obsessions: These are persistent, unwanted thoughts, ideas, or impulses that repeat in a person’s mind.
Compulsions: These are actions or behaviors that an individual feels driven to repeat in response to their obsessions, aiming to reduce the anxiety caused by the obsessions.
These symptoms can take up a significant amount of time—more than an hour per day—and can severely interfere with daily activities, including work, school, and social relationships.
When to Seek Help
Consult a doctor if:
You experience persistent obsessions or compulsions that affect your work, relationships, or other aspects of life.
You experience depression, substance use issues, or other mental health concerns in addition to anxiety.
You have thoughts of self-harm or suicide.
If left untreated, OCD may worsen over time. Seeking help early may lead to better treatment outcomes.
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause of OCD is not fully understood, but research suggests that it may be related to abnormalities in brain function, particularly in how different regions of the brain communicate. Additionally, a lack of the neurotransmitter serotonin may contribute to the development of OCD.
In some cases, infections like strep throat or scarlet fever are thought to trigger or worsen symptoms of OCD in children.
Tests and Diagnosis
A mental health professional diagnoses OCD by evaluating your symptoms, medical history, and possibly conducting a physical exam. If you suspect you have OCD, it’s important to talk to your doctor, as many people with the disorder avoid seeking treatment due to fear or embarrassment.
Treatment
The main treatments for OCD include:
Psychotherapy: A type of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) called exposure and response prevention (ERP) is commonly used. This therapy gradually exposes individuals to the sources of their obsessions while preventing the accompanying compulsive behaviors.
Medications: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), a class of antidepressant medications, are often prescribed to help manage symptoms.
Combination of Therapy and Medication: Many individuals find that combining therapy with medication yields the best results.
Sources and Links
www.idraac.org
www.webmd.com
www.nimh.nih.gov