Opiates, or opioids, are a class of drugs that include both natural and synthetic substances. This category encompasses drugs derived from the opium poppy, such as morphine and codeine, as well as synthetic or partially synthetic opioids, including Vicodin, Percodan, oxycodone, and heroin. Many opioids are commonly prescribed to treat pain.
Signs and Symptoms of Opioid Abuse and Addiction
The signs of opioid abuse and addiction can include:
Increased tolerance to the drug
Inability to stop or reduce usage
Withdrawal symptoms when trying to stop
Persistent desire to continue using, even when health problems arise
Negative impacts on quality of life, including issues in relationships and employment
Excessive time and money spent on obtaining the drug
Excessive sleeping or extreme weight loss/gain
Turning to criminal activity to fund the addiction
When someone who is addicted to opioids stops using, they may experience withdrawal symptoms, which can include anxiety, sweating, insomnia, agitation, tremors, muscle aches, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and intense mental and physical discomfort. The severity and duration of withdrawal vary based on the type of opioid, the length of the addiction, and typical usage amounts. Long-term users may need medical supervision before attempting to quit.
Treatment Options
To effectively treat opioid addiction, a comprehensive approach is necessary. Detoxification is often the first step, but it is usually combined with other treatments. Detox alone is typically not enough to successfully overcome opioid addiction. Withdrawal can lead to symptoms such as tremors, hallucinations, confusion, delirium, severe anxiety, sleep disturbances, and body pain.
Some individuals may find success with a gradual reduction of opioid use through replacement therapy. This involves taking milder prescription opioids, like methadone or buprenorphine, and slowly lowering the dosage over time. This helps reduce cravings and withdrawal symptoms. Other medications may be prescribed to ease withdrawal symptoms or cravings.
Residential treatment programs offer a more intensive approach. These programs aim to address all aspects of addiction, often incorporating support groups, vocational rehabilitation, and therapy. The duration of treatment can range from a few weeks to several months, depending on individual needs.
Sources
www.drugabuse.gov
www.timberlineknolls.com
www.drugfreeworld.org