Introduction
Depression during pregnancy, also known as antepartum depression, is a mood disorder similar to clinical depression. Hormonal changes during pregnancy can affect brain chemicals, increasing the likelihood of depression, especially when combined with other life stressors.
Overview and Facts
Pregnancy has traditionally been seen as a time of emotional well-being, but studies show that 10-20% of women experience depressive symptoms during pregnancy.
Symptoms
Women experiencing depression during pregnancy may have one or more of the following symptoms for two weeks or longer:
Persistent sadness
Difficulty concentrating
Sleeping too much or too little
Loss of interest in activities once enjoyed
Recurring thoughts of death, suicide, or hopelessness
Anxiety
Feelings of guilt or worthlessness
Changes in appetite
Causes and Risk Factors
Several factors may increase the risk of developing depression during pregnancy:
History of depression or PMDD (Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder)
Younger age at the time of pregnancy
Living alone
Limited social support
Having multiple children (increased risk with each pregnancy)
Marital conflict
Uncertainty about the pregnancy
Tests and Diagnosis
Diagnosing depression during pregnancy requires a thorough evaluation by a healthcare provider. A doctor will assess symptoms through:
Personal interview to discuss emotional well-being
Physical examination to rule out medical conditions that could mimic depression
Lab tests to check for underlying physical causes
Family history evaluation for depression or other mental health conditions
Treatment
Treatment for depression during pregnancy depends on the severity of symptoms and may include:
Psychotherapy (Talk Therapy): Working with a therapist to manage and reduce depressive symptoms.
Medication: Certain antidepressants may be prescribed if the benefits outweigh potential risks to the baby.
Combination of Therapy and Medication: In some cases, a mix of psychotherapy and medication provides the most effective treatment.
Seeking early treatment is crucial, as untreated depression during pregnancy can impact both the mother and baby.
Sources and links
www.webmd.com